Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Content and performance of the MiniMUGA genotyping array: A new tool to improve rigor and reproducibility in mouse research

The laboratory mouse is the most widely used animal model for biomedical research, due in part to its well-annotated genome, wealth of genetic resources, and the ability to precisely manipulate its genome. Despite the importance of genetics for mouse research, genetic quality control (QC) is not standardized, in part due to the lack of cost-effective, informative, and robust platforms. Genotyping arrays are standard tools for mouse research and remain an attractive alternative even in the era of high-throughput whole-genome sequencing. Here, we describe the content and performance of a new iteration of the Mouse Universal Genotyping Array (MUGA), MiniMUGA, an array-based genetic QC platform with over 11,000 probes. In addition to robust discrimination between most classical and wild-derived laboratory strains, MiniMUGA was designed to contain features not available in other platforms: (1) chromosomal sex determination, (2) discrimination between substrains from multiple commercial vendors, (3) diagnostic SNPs for popular laboratory strains, (4) detection of constructs used in genetically engineered mice, and (5) an easy-to-interpret report summarizing these results. In-depth annotation of all probes should facilitate custom analyses by individual researchers. To determine the performance of MiniMUGA, we genotyped 6899 samples from a wide variety of genetic backgrounds. The performance of MiniMUGA compares favorably with three previous iterations of the MUGA family of arrays, both in discrimination capabilities and robustness. We have generated publicly available consensus genotypes for 241 inbred strains including classical, wild-derived, and recombinant inbred lines. Here, we also report the detection of a substantial number of XO and XXY individuals across a variety of sample types, new markers that expand the utility of reduced complexity crosses to genetic backgrounds other than C57BL/6, and the robust detection of 17 genetic constructs. We provide preliminary evidence that the array can be used to identify both partial sex chromosome duplication and mosaicism, and that diagnostic SNPs can be used to determine how long inbred mice have been bred independently from the relevant main stock. We conclude that MiniMUGA is a valuable platform for genetic QC, and an important new tool to increase the rigor and reproducibility of mouse research

Relação do zinco e cobre plasmáticos com componentes nutricionais e desempenho de leitões: uma meta-análise Relation of plasma zinc and copper with nutritional components and performance of weanling pigs: a meta-analysis

Foi realizada uma meta-análise para estudar a relação do zinco (Zn) e cobre (Cu) plasmáticos com os nutrientes da dieta e ganho de peso em leitões. A base de dados contemplou 18 publicações. As variáveis nutricionais consideradas na análise foram ingestões de PB, lisina, Ca, P, Cu e Zn. Foram realizadas análises de regressão por intermédio de modelos mistos. O Zn plasmático foi influenciado pelo P, Zn ingeridos e Cu plasmático. O P ingerido e Cu plasmático afetaram negativamente o Zn plasmático. A análise de regressão mostrou que, para cada grama de P total ingerido/kg PV0,6, houve redução de 0,043 mg/L de Zn plasmático. O Cu plasmático foi influenciado pelo Ca, P, Cu e o Zn ingerido. O Ca e Zn ingerido afetaram negativamente o Cu plasmático. O ganho de peso foi influenciado pela PB, Ca, lisina e Cu ingeridos e o Zn plasmático. O Zn ingerido apresentou efeito negativo no metabolismo do Cu, mas o Zn plasmático teve influência positiva no ganho de peso. Neste estudo de meta-análise, identificaram-se alguns fatores de origem dietética, como o P e Ca, que influenciam negativamente a absorção e o metabolismo de Zn e Cu em leitões.<br>A meta-analysis was carried out to study the relationship among plasma Zn and Cu with diet nutrients and piglets weight gain. Eighteen publications were considered in the database. The intake of CP, lysine, Ca, P, Cu and Zn was considered as variable in the analysis. Regression analyses were used through mixed models. Plasma Zn was affected by P and Zn intake as well as Cu plasma. P intake and plasma Cu affected negatively plasmatic Zn. The regression analysis showed that for each gram of total P intake/kg BW0.6 there was reduction in 0.043 mg/L of plasmatic Zn. Plasma Cu was affected by Ca, P, Cu and Zn intake. Ca and Zn intake affected negatively plasma Cu. Weight gain was affected by CP, Ca, lysine and Cu intake as well as plasma Zn. A negative effect of Zn intake on Cu metabolism was observed; however plasma Zn had a positive effect on piglets weight gain. This meta-analysis study identified some factors of dietary origin, as P and Ca, which influence negatively the absorption and the metabolism of Zn and Cu in weanling pigs